2.2.1 - Definition of personal information2.2.2 - Definition of personal data2.2.3 - Definition of retained personal data2.2.4 - Definition of anonymously processed personal information2.2.5 - Definition of Personal Information Handling Business Operator (PIHBO)2.2.6 - Concepts of controller and processor2.2.7 - Sectoral exclusions
2.3.1 - Purpose limitation2.3.2. - Lawfulness and fairness of processing2.3.3. - Data accuracy and minimisation2.3.4. - Storage limitation2.3.5. - Data security2.3.6. - Transparency2.3.7. - Special categories of data2.3.8. - Accountability2.3.9. - Restrictions on onward transfers2.3.10. - Individual rights
3.1 - General legal framework3.2 - Access and use by Japanese public authorities for criminal law enforcement purposes3.2.1 - Legal basis and applicable limitations/safeguards3.2.1.1 - Compulsory investigation based on a court warrant3.2.1.2 - Request for voluntary disclosure based on an "enquiry sheet"3.2.1.3 - Further use of the information collected3.2.2 - Independent oversight3.2.3 - Individual redress3.3 - Access and use by Japanese public authorities for national security purposes3.3.1 - Legal basis and applicable limitations/safeguards
3.3.2 - Independent oversight
3.3.3 - Individual redress
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Specifically with respect to Article 197(2) of the CCP, the National Police Agency ("NPA") – as the federal authority in charge, among others, of all matters concerning the criminal police – has issued instructions to the Prefectural Police (93) on the "proper use of written inquiries in investigative matters". According to this Notification, requests must be made using a pre-established form ("Form No. 49" or so-called "enquiry sheet") (94), concern records "regarding a specific investigation" and the requested information must be "necessary for [that] investigation". In each case, the chief investigator shall "fully examine the necessity, content, etc. of [the] individual enquiry" and must receive internal approval from a high-ranking official.
